A VPN router runs the VPN connection centrally, allowing devices using it to share an encrypted route to the internet. It can be useful for smart TVs, consoles and other equipment that cannot run a VPN app. The trade-off is that setup takes more care, and the router’s processing power can limit speeds.

For a fuller explanation, this guide to using a VPN on a router covers setup, apps versus routers, travel and 4G options, and choosing suitable hardware. Start with these four practical checks.

1. Check for a VPN client

Before buying anything, check your router’s manual for VPN client support and compatible protocols. “VPN passthrough” alone does not mean the router can run a VPN connection. A VPN server feature is different too: it generally lets you connect back to your home network. Confirm that your chosen VPN supports manual router configuration and the protocol your router offers.

2. Set up carefully at home

Update the router’s firmware and save a backup of its settings. In its administration panel, add the VPN configuration and credentials using instructions for your exact model. Decide whether all devices should use the tunnel or only selected ones, if supported. Then check your public IP address, DNS behaviour and everyday browsing. Test what happens if the VPN disconnects: traffic may fall back to the ordinary internet connection unless you enable a supported blocking feature.

3. Choose between a router and an app

A router is convenient for several devices sharing one connection. An app usually makes switching locations or pausing the VPN easier on an individual device, and keeps working when your phone leaves home Wi-Fi. Router-level protection ends when you stop using that router. Neither option makes you anonymous: account logins, cookies and other tracking still matter.

4. Plan for travel and 4G

A travel router can give your devices a familiar Wi-Fi network while using a hotel connection or mobile data upstream. Check how it handles hotel sign-in pages, which may need completing before the VPN connects. For a 4G model, also check mobile-network compatibility, coverage and data allowances. Compare VPN throughput rather than advertised Wi-Fi speed, and check power requirements before packing it.

If you mainly use one laptop and a phone, an app may be the simpler choice. A router becomes more appealing when you want several devices to share the same VPN connection with less day-to-day management.